The Racist Presidents
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The American Dream or Nightmare
Was America a dream for all or just a dream for a few selected privileged people? They saw themselves as a chosen group of people that could take what ever they believed their creator ordained them to have? The they we speak of are those that brought the true Israselites over to this land called America on cargo slave ships. They put them in slavery, and subjected them to the worse type of treatment that is still not talked about are taught in the schools today.This Dream became a nightmare for millions of Israelites.
Through the words of the first 18 presidents you will see just how they really felt about the so called Negro (a.k.a Israelite), slavery and the upholding of the constitution's 13th amendment as a right to enslave a people as property and 3/5 a person.
Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776
...We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness...
17th President Andrew Jackson put it best that the constitution was not written for the newly freed Israelite (a.k.a. slave) nor to have him enter into government.
1864: "As for the negro I am for setting him free but at the same time I assert that this is a white man’s government… If whites and blacks can’t get along together arrangements must be made to colonize the blacks (that is, send them back to Africa).” (Winston, p252)
Jeremiah 30:14 All thy lovers have forgotten thee; they seek thee not; for I have wounded thee with the wound of an enemy, with the chastisement of a cruel one, for the multitude of thine iniquity; [because] thy sins were increased.
Isaiah 47:6 I was wroth with my people(Israel), I have polluted mine inheritance, and given them into thine hand: thou didst shew them no mercy; upon the ancient hast thou very heavily laid thy yoke.
Deuteronomy 28:32Thy sons and thy daughters shall be given unto another people, and thine eyes shall look, and fail with longing for them all the day long; and there shall be no might in thine hand.
Through the words of the first 18 presidents you will see just how they really felt about the so called Negro (a.k.a Israelite), slavery and the upholding of the constitution's 13th amendment as a right to enslave a people as property and 3/5 a person.
Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776
...We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness...
17th President Andrew Jackson put it best that the constitution was not written for the newly freed Israelite (a.k.a. slave) nor to have him enter into government.
1864: "As for the negro I am for setting him free but at the same time I assert that this is a white man’s government… If whites and blacks can’t get along together arrangements must be made to colonize the blacks (that is, send them back to Africa).” (Winston, p252)
Jeremiah 30:14 All thy lovers have forgotten thee; they seek thee not; for I have wounded thee with the wound of an enemy, with the chastisement of a cruel one, for the multitude of thine iniquity; [because] thy sins were increased.
Isaiah 47:6 I was wroth with my people(Israel), I have polluted mine inheritance, and given them into thine hand: thou didst shew them no mercy; upon the ancient hast thou very heavily laid thy yoke.
Deuteronomy 28:32Thy sons and thy daughters shall be given unto another people, and thine eyes shall look, and fail with longing for them all the day long; and there shall be no might in thine hand.
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Barack Hussein Obama
44th President, Barack Obama
Deuteronomy 28:65-68
65 And among these nations shalt thou find no ease, neither shall the sole of thy foot have rest: but the Most High shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and sorrow of mind:
66 And thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou shalt fear day and night, and shalt have none assurance of thy life:
67 In the morning thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou shalt say, Would God it were morning! for the fear of thine heart wherewith thou shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see.
68And the Most High shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships, by the way whereof I spake unto thee, Thou shalt see it no more again: and there ye shall be sold unto your enemies for bondmen and bondwomen, and no man shall buy (save) you.
Note: Barack Obama is not the deliverer of Yah's people. Yah is our deliverer and He will send Yahoshua to gather us back to the land of Israel.
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65 And among these nations shalt thou find no ease, neither shall the sole of thy foot have rest: but the Most High shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and sorrow of mind:
66 And thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou shalt fear day and night, and shalt have none assurance of thy life:
67 In the morning thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou shalt say, Would God it were morning! for the fear of thine heart wherewith thou shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see.
68And the Most High shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships, by the way whereof I spake unto thee, Thou shalt see it no more again: and there ye shall be sold unto your enemies for bondmen and bondwomen, and no man shall buy (save) you.
Note: Barack Obama is not the deliverer of Yah's people. Yah is our deliverer and He will send Yahoshua to gather us back to the land of Israel.
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For more information on the Boule
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Jeremiah 2:14
Is Israel a servant? is he a home born slave? why is he spoiled?
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Jeremiah 5:19 And it shall come to pass, when you shall say, Why does the Most High our Yah do all these things to us? then shall you answer them, Like as you have forsaken Me, and served strange gods in your land, so shall you serve strangers in a land that is not your's.
1 Kings 9:9 And they shall answer, Because they forsook the Most High their Yah, who brought forth their fathers out of the land of Egypt, and have taken hold of other gods, and have worshiped them, and served them: therefore has the Most High brought on them all this evil.
Jeremiah 17:4 Through your own fault you will lose the inheritance I gave you. I will enslave you to your enemies in a land you do not know, for you have kindled my anger, and it will burn forever."
Lamentations 5:2 "The land we inherited has been turned over to strangers. Our homes have been turned over to foreigners.
Jeremiah 9:13 The Most High said, "It is because they have forsaken My law, which I set before them; they have not obeyed Me or followed My law.
Jeremiah 5:18 "Yet even in those days," declares the Most High, "I will not destroy you completely.
1 Kings 9:9 And they shall answer, Because they forsook the Most High their Yah, who brought forth their fathers out of the land of Egypt, and have taken hold of other gods, and have worshiped them, and served them: therefore has the Most High brought on them all this evil.
Jeremiah 17:4 Through your own fault you will lose the inheritance I gave you. I will enslave you to your enemies in a land you do not know, for you have kindled my anger, and it will burn forever."
Lamentations 5:2 "The land we inherited has been turned over to strangers. Our homes have been turned over to foreigners.
Jeremiah 9:13 The Most High said, "It is because they have forsaken My law, which I set before them; they have not obeyed Me or followed My law.
Jeremiah 5:18 "Yet even in those days," declares the Most High, "I will not destroy you completely.
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How Many Presidents Owned Slaves?
An American Dream for white Americans and A Nightmare for the Israelites.
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George Washington 1789-1797
The first president of the United States George Washington, in 1786 owned 216 Israelite slaves. Technically 200 of those Israelites enslaved by George Washington belonged to the estate of his wife's first husband.
Washington died in 1799, leaving behind a will that stated for his male servant William Lee to be given a pension and freed immediately. He also wanted the remaining slaves to be freed upon the death of his wife Martha.
Fearing her life might be in danger, Martha chose to free them two years after the death of Washington, not wanting her slaves to get the idea of killing her for their freedom.
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Washington died in 1799, leaving behind a will that stated for his male servant William Lee to be given a pension and freed immediately. He also wanted the remaining slaves to be freed upon the death of his wife Martha.
Fearing her life might be in danger, Martha chose to free them two years after the death of Washington, not wanting her slaves to get the idea of killing her for their freedom.
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Words from Washington
- 1766: Washington sent a “rogue and runaway” slave to the islands to be sold for rum, molasses, etc. (Flexner,p114)
- 1774: Washington said new British laws would make Americans "as tame and abject slaves as the blacks we rule over with such arbitrary sway." (Flexner, p114)
- 1778/9: Washington was reluctant to buy or sell slaves, although he felt that: “If these poor wretches are to be held in a state of slavery, I do not see that a change of masters will render it more irksome, provided husband and wife, and parents are not separated from each other, which is not my intention to do." (Flexner, p118)
- 1786 Washington complained about a Quaker abolitionist society: “I can only say that no man living wishes more sincerely than I do to see the abolition of (slavery)…But when slaves who are happy & content to remain with their present masters, are tampered with & seduced to leave them… it introduces more evils than it can cure."(Hirschfield,p187)
- Before 1793:"The unfortunate condition of the people whose labors I in part employed has been the only unavoidable subject of regret. To make the adults among them as easy and comfortable as their actual state of ignorance and improvidence would admit; and to lay a foundation to prepare the rising generation for a destiny different from that in which they were born, afforded some satisfaction to my mind, and could not, I hoped, be displeasing to the justice of the Creator." (Flexner, p121)
- 1793: As president Washington signed the Fugitive Slave Act.
- Approx 1794: One of Washington’s slaves died: “I hope every necessary care and attention was afforded him. I expect little from (Overseer) McKoy, or indeed from most of his class, for they seem to consider a Negro much in the same light as they do the brute beasts on the farms, and often treat them as inhumanely.” (Wilkins,p83)
- 1796: Oney (or Ona) Judge ran away to New Hampshire.She was one of Washington’s slaves – Martha’s personal servant. President Washington asked the Treasury Secretary for help in getting her back: “I am sorry to give you, or any one else trouble on such a trifling occasion, but the ingratitude of the girl, who was brought up and treated more like a child than a Servant (and Mrs Washington’s desire to recover her) ought not to escape with impunity if it can be avoided.”(Wilkins,p82)
- 1799: Washington complained that he had too many slaves. “To sell the overplus I cannot, because I am principled against this kind of traffic in the human species. To hire them out is almost as bad, because they could not be disposed of in families to any advantage, and to disperse the families I have an aversion.What then is to be done? Something must or I shall be ruined…” (Hirschfield,p74)
John Adams 1797-1801
The second president John Adams was said not to have owned any slaves but upon further review we discover that his cousin Samuel Adams received a slave named Surry as a gift in 1765. She remained as Samuel's family cook for many decades even after slavery was outlawed in Massachusetts by a bill Samuel introduced. One is not sure if Surry was freed immediately when she was given to Samuel or if she remained a slave.
The owner of slaves
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Words from John Adams
Words from John Adams
- 1819: “Negro Slavery is an evil of colossal magnitude.” (Ellis,p140)
- 1820: “I shudder when I think of the calamities which slavery is likely to produce in this country. You would think me mad if I were to describe my anticipations…If the gangrene is not stopped I can see nothing but insurrection of the blacks against the whites.”(Smith,p 138)
- 1821: “Slavery in this Country I have seen hanging over it like a black cloud for half a century…”(Ellis p138)
Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809
It is said that the third president inherited many slaves and purchased many more over his life time. The dowry of his wife brought in more than 100 slaves alone.
In 1790 the very wealthy and loving Thomas gave his newly married daughter 25 slaves and 1,000 acres of land as gifts. By 1798, just three years before taking office Thomas Jefferson owned 141 slaves.
Also not to leave out the private relationship Thomas Jefferson had with one famous slave he owned by the name of Sally Hemings the half sister of his deceased wife. This relationship even lasted during his presidency and continued until his death.
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In 1790 the very wealthy and loving Thomas gave his newly married daughter 25 slaves and 1,000 acres of land as gifts. By 1798, just three years before taking office Thomas Jefferson owned 141 slaves.
Also not to leave out the private relationship Thomas Jefferson had with one famous slave he owned by the name of Sally Hemings the half sister of his deceased wife. This relationship even lasted during his presidency and continued until his death.
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James Madison 1809-1817
The fourth president James Madison owned slaves all his life. James grew up in a slave owning family and enjoyed the pleasures of the good southern life.
In his death James made sure he did not give freedom to his slaves. Although while he lived he did sell about 16 slaves to a relative.
In his death James made sure he did not give freedom to his slaves. Although while he lived he did sell about 16 slaves to a relative.
Words from James Madison
- 1789: "Establishing a Settlement of freed blacks on the Coast of Africa... might prove a great encouragement tom manumission in the Southern parts of the U.S. and even afford the best hope yet presented of putting an end to the slavery in which not less than 600,000 unhappy Negroes are now involved. In all the Southern States of N. America, the laws permit masters, under certain precautions to manumit their slaves. But the continuance of such a permission in some of the States is rendered precarious by the ill effects suffered from freedmen who retain the vices and habits of slaves. The same consideration becomes an objection with many humane masters against an exertion of their legal rights of freeing their slaves. It is found in fact that neither the good of the Society, nor the happiness of the individuals restored to freedom is promoted by such a change in their condition."(Madison.1999 p472-3)
- 1819: "A general emancipation of slaves ought to be 1. gradual. 2. equitable & satisfactory to the individuals immediately concerned. 3. consistent with the existing & durable prejudices of the nation... To be consistent with existing and probably unalterable prejudices in the U.S. freed blacks ought to be permanently removed beyond the region occupied by or allotted to a White population." (Madison.1999,p729)
James Monroe 1817-1825
The fifth president James Monroe owned about 40 slaves on a farm called Highland.
Monroe faced his first crisis as President with the Panic of 1819, which resulted in high unemployment as well as increased foreclosures and bankruptcies. Some critics derided Monroe for not responding more forcefully to the depression. Although he believed that such troubles were natural for a maturing economy and that the situation would soon turn around, he could do little to alleviate their short-term effects.
Monroe's second crisis came the same year, when the entrance of Missouri to the Union as a slave state threatened to disrupt the legislative balance between North and South. Congress preserved that equilibrium, negotiating a compromise in which Massachusetts allowed its northernmost counties to apply for admission to the Union as the new free state of Maine. The Missouri Compromise also called for the prohibition of slavery in the western territories of the Louisiana Purchase above the 36/30' north latitude line. Monroe worked in support of the compromise and, after ascertaining that the provisions were constitutional, signed the bill.
Monroe faced his first crisis as President with the Panic of 1819, which resulted in high unemployment as well as increased foreclosures and bankruptcies. Some critics derided Monroe for not responding more forcefully to the depression. Although he believed that such troubles were natural for a maturing economy and that the situation would soon turn around, he could do little to alleviate their short-term effects.
Monroe's second crisis came the same year, when the entrance of Missouri to the Union as a slave state threatened to disrupt the legislative balance between North and South. Congress preserved that equilibrium, negotiating a compromise in which Massachusetts allowed its northernmost counties to apply for admission to the Union as the new free state of Maine. The Missouri Compromise also called for the prohibition of slavery in the western territories of the Louisiana Purchase above the 36/30' north latitude line. Monroe worked in support of the compromise and, after ascertaining that the provisions were constitutional, signed the bill.
Words from James Monroe
- 1802: The government considered sending insurgent slaves to Sierra Leone. Governor Monroe discovered that under the law of Sierra Leone the slaves would be free as soon as they arrived. "Still I am persuaded that such was not the intention of the Legislature, as it would put culprits in a better condition than the deserving part of those people... The ancestors of the present Negroes were brought from Africa and sold here as slaves, they and their descendants forever. If we send back any of the race subject to a temporary servitude with liberty to their descendants will not the policy be mild and benevolent?" (Monroe. v3, p 352-353.)
John Quincy Adams 1825-1829
Although President John Quincy Adams never owned slaves he at times held views that would in no doubt keep slavery and or the placement of class-ism heavily upon the necks of the disadvantaged Negro a.k.a. Israelite.
In 1804 John Quincy set up a government for the Louisiana Territory Congress and passed a bill to forbid the slave trade but not slavery.
1815: As Ambassador to Great Britain at the end of the War of 1812 John Quincy negotiated the return of
American property taken by the British – including slaves captured by the army and others who sought
refuge with them. (Hecht, p259.)
1841: In spite of ill health, advanced age John Quincy was asked to represent the Amistad prisoners before the Supreme Court. He did so for no fee and won.
In 1804 John Quincy set up a government for the Louisiana Territory Congress and passed a bill to forbid the slave trade but not slavery.
1815: As Ambassador to Great Britain at the end of the War of 1812 John Quincy negotiated the return of
American property taken by the British – including slaves captured by the army and others who sought
refuge with them. (Hecht, p259.)
1841: In spite of ill health, advanced age John Quincy was asked to represent the Amistad prisoners before the Supreme Court. He did so for no fee and won.
Words from John Quincy Adams
possibility… would have suggested that Negroes and mulattoes (mixed Israelites with Europeans) were not only human beings but capable of constituting a sovereign state and if I had escaped impeachment there would have been a Resolution carried…that featherless bipeds with wool for hair and their descendants till bleached into Anglo Saxons are not entitled to the rights of man."
(Hecht p548)
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- "Slavery in a moral sense is an evil; but as connected with commerce it has important uses. The regulations offered to prevent slavery are insufficient. I shall therefore vote against them."
- 1826: A decade after leaving the presidency John Quincy explained why he hadn’t attempted to get
possibility… would have suggested that Negroes and mulattoes (mixed Israelites with Europeans) were not only human beings but capable of constituting a sovereign state and if I had escaped impeachment there would have been a Resolution carried…that featherless bipeds with wool for hair and their descendants till bleached into Anglo Saxons are not entitled to the rights of man."
(Hecht p548)
- 1833: "I believe that the spirit of the age and the course of events is tending to universal emancipation. But bound as I am by the Constitution of the United States, I am not at liberty to take a part in promoting it. The remedy must arise in the seat of the evil (the south)."
- 1838: Pro-slaver ministers are "prevaricating with their own consciences, and taxing their learning and ingenuity to prove that the Bible sanctions slavery... These preachers of the Gospel might just as well call our extermination of the Indians an obedience to Divine commands because Jehovah commanded the children of Israel to exterminate the Canaanitish nations."
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Andrew Jackson 1829-1837
President Andrew Jackson most profitable business during his life was the trading of Negroes, a.k.a Hebrew Israelites. In 1788 Andrew purchased his first slave which was a woman and by 1794 he had obtain 16 slaves to his estate.
Increasing in wealth, by the 1820's Andrew owned as many as 160 Israelite slaves. Being apart of his wealthy estate, Andrew could not bring himself to free the slaves in his will.
Also to add 1821: Andrew Jackson threatened one of his wife’s slaves with 50 lashes, to be publicly delivered, for disobedience and insolence.
(Remini, 1977. p134)
Increasing in wealth, by the 1820's Andrew owned as many as 160 Israelite slaves. Being apart of his wealthy estate, Andrew could not bring himself to free the slaves in his will.
Also to add 1821: Andrew Jackson threatened one of his wife’s slaves with 50 lashes, to be publicly delivered, for disobedience and insolence.
(Remini, 1977. p134)
Words from Andrew Jackson
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- 1814: When New Orleans was in danger from British forces it was suggested that the free Black men of the city be invited to participate in it's defense. Andrew Jackson, commanding the army, agreed: "They must be either for, or against, us. Distrust them and you make them your enemies, place confidence in them, and you engage them by every dear and honorable tie to the interest of the country, who extends to them equal rights and privileges with white men." He told the Black men: "As sons of freedom you are now called upon to defend your most inestimable blessing. As Americans, your country looks with confidence on her adopted children, for a valorous support, as a faithful return for the advantages enjoyed under her mild and equitable government."
- 1814: From an ad for a runaway slave: "If taken (that is, captured) out of state, the above reward ($50), and all reasonable expenses paid – and ten dollars extra, for every hundred lashes any person will give him, to the amount of three hundred."
- 1822: To his slave overseer: "As far as leniency can be extended to these unfortunate creatures I wish you to do so; subordination must be obtained first, and then good treatment."
- 1822: Andrew Jackson recaptured four of his slaves who had run away: "Although I hate chains (I was) compelled to place two of them in irons, for safekeeping until an opportunity offers to sell or exchange them."
- 1833: “I could not bear the idea of inhumanity to my poor Negroes.”
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Martin Van Buren 1837-1841
The 8th president Martin Van Buren, nominated for president by the Free Soil Party, and accepted a platform that called for
keeping slavery out of the territories. Martin announced that, if elected, he would not veto a law that forbid slavery in the District of Columbia. (Cole, p415)
When Martin was a young man his father own six slaves (Cole,p13) Martin himself own only one slave by the name of Tom. The slave ran away in 1814 and was found nearly 8 years later. Martin sold Tom for $50 to the Man that found him. (Cole, p110)
Like most presidents that were not for slavery, Van Buren seem to have conflicting views between the idea of it being wrong and it being OK. In 1821 a convention to create a new constitution for New York proposed for bidding free Blacks(a.k.a. Israelites) from voting (which they had been able to do in New York until then). Van Buren fought that but approved a compromise that allowed only Blacks who possessed $250 to vote. He said this “held out inducements to industry.” (Cole, p13) Just a year before he would leave the presidency, in 1840 president Martin ordered a federal marshal to bring the Amistad prisoners to a Navy ship to be returned to their Spanish (alleged) owners. The courts ruled against Martin and, a year later, the prisoners went free. (Cole, p362) Later in the same year of 1840 President Martin got in trouble with the South for supporting his Navy Secretary’s decision that Black witnesses could testify in a court martial, even though the alleged crime took place in North Carolina which forbid such testimony. (Cole, p362)
keeping slavery out of the territories. Martin announced that, if elected, he would not veto a law that forbid slavery in the District of Columbia. (Cole, p415)
When Martin was a young man his father own six slaves (Cole,p13) Martin himself own only one slave by the name of Tom. The slave ran away in 1814 and was found nearly 8 years later. Martin sold Tom for $50 to the Man that found him. (Cole, p110)
Like most presidents that were not for slavery, Van Buren seem to have conflicting views between the idea of it being wrong and it being OK. In 1821 a convention to create a new constitution for New York proposed for bidding free Blacks(a.k.a. Israelites) from voting (which they had been able to do in New York until then). Van Buren fought that but approved a compromise that allowed only Blacks who possessed $250 to vote. He said this “held out inducements to industry.” (Cole, p13) Just a year before he would leave the presidency, in 1840 president Martin ordered a federal marshal to bring the Amistad prisoners to a Navy ship to be returned to their Spanish (alleged) owners. The courts ruled against Martin and, a year later, the prisoners went free. (Cole, p362) Later in the same year of 1840 President Martin got in trouble with the South for supporting his Navy Secretary’s decision that Black witnesses could testify in a court martial, even though the alleged crime took place in North Carolina which forbid such testimony. (Cole, p362)
Words from Martin Van Buren
impressed with the delicacy of this subject, and they treated it with a forbearance so evidently wise that in spite of every sinister foreboding it never until the present period disturbed the tranquility of our common country. Such a result is sufficient evidence of the justice and the patriotism of their course; it is evidence not to be mistaken that an adherence to it can prevent all embarrassment from this as well as from every other anticipated cause of difficulty or danger. Have not recent events made it obvious to the slightest reflection that the least deviation from this spirit of forbearance is injurious to every interest, that of humanity included? (Before the election I declared that:) ‘I must go into the Presidential chair the inflexible and uncompromising opponent of every attempt on the part of Congress to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia against the wishes of the slaveholding States, and also with a determination equally decided to resist the slightest interference with it in the States where it exists.’"
(Van Buren.)
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- 1837: "The last, perhaps the greatest, of the prominent sources of discord and disaster supposed
impressed with the delicacy of this subject, and they treated it with a forbearance so evidently wise that in spite of every sinister foreboding it never until the present period disturbed the tranquility of our common country. Such a result is sufficient evidence of the justice and the patriotism of their course; it is evidence not to be mistaken that an adherence to it can prevent all embarrassment from this as well as from every other anticipated cause of difficulty or danger. Have not recent events made it obvious to the slightest reflection that the least deviation from this spirit of forbearance is injurious to every interest, that of humanity included? (Before the election I declared that:) ‘I must go into the Presidential chair the inflexible and uncompromising opponent of every attempt on the part of Congress to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia against the wishes of the slaveholding States, and also with a determination equally decided to resist the slightest interference with it in the States where it exists.’"
(Van Buren.)
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William Henry Harrison 1841
This 9th president never owned slaves in his short time in office but did own slaves earlier in his life. William Harrison's father and grandfather owned many slaves. He was raised and brought up in the riches that slavery afforded his family.
His prime task as governor was to obtain title to Indian lands so settlers could press forward into the wilderness. When the Indians retaliated, Harrison was responsible for defending the settlements.
In 1800 William inherited about a dozen slaves and took seven (Israelites) slaves to the Northwest Territory where slavery was illegal. To get past the law he made them indentured servants on terms indistinguishable from slavery. (Clanin, p1 and Cleaves, p47) In 1802, Governor William of Indiana called a convention which asked Congress, among other things, to repeal for 10 years the ban on slavery.
(Green, p104)
In 1801, William purchased a runaway slave and later freed him. This freed slave then stayed on for many years as a servant. (It is not known if he was paid as a servant or just allowed to work for his lodging and food.) (Cleaves, p351) 1803: Governor Williams and Indiana’s judges adopted a Virginia law (the territory couldn’t create new laws, just borrow existing ones) that allowed virtual slavery to exist: a master bringing in a slave could force them to sign up as an “indentured servant” with a term running for, say ninety years. (Goebel, p76-78) William took advantage of this but after the indenture law was repealed - with his signature - his servants were generally freed after about a decade of service.
Later in 1804 William was appointed Governor of Indiana territory, which was “free soil.” He attempted to have slavery made legal there, but generally followed the law by keeping Blacks as indentured servants who were free after about a decade of service. (Cleaves,p351)
The threat against settlers became serious in 1809. An eloquent and energetic chieftain, Tecumseh, with his religious brother, the Prophet, began to strengthen an Indian confederation to prevent further encroachment. In 1811 Harrison received permission to attack the confederacy.
While Tecumseh was away seeking more allies, Harrison led about a thousand men toward the Prophet's town. Suddenly, before dawn on November 7, the Indians attacked his camp on Tippecanoe River. After heavy fighting, Harrison repulsed them, but suffered 190 dead and wounded. The Battle of Tippecanoe, upon which Harrison's fame was to rest, disrupted Tecumseh's confederacy but failed to diminish Indian raids.
In the War of 1812 Harrison won more military laurels when he was given the command of the Army in the Northwest with the rank of brigadier general. At the Battle of the Thames, north of Lake Erie, on October 5, 1813, he defeated the combined British and Indian forces, and killed Tecumseh. The Indians scattered, never again to offer serious resistance in what was then called the Northwest.
Thereafter Harrison returned to civilian life; the Whigs, in need of a national hero, nominated him for President in 1840. He won by a majority of less than 150,000, but swept the Electoral College, 234 to 60.
But before he had been in office a month, he caught a cold that developed into pneumonia. On April 4, 1841, he died--the first President to die in office--and with him died the Whig party program.
William Henry Harrison
His prime task as governor was to obtain title to Indian lands so settlers could press forward into the wilderness. When the Indians retaliated, Harrison was responsible for defending the settlements.
In 1800 William inherited about a dozen slaves and took seven (Israelites) slaves to the Northwest Territory where slavery was illegal. To get past the law he made them indentured servants on terms indistinguishable from slavery. (Clanin, p1 and Cleaves, p47) In 1802, Governor William of Indiana called a convention which asked Congress, among other things, to repeal for 10 years the ban on slavery.
(Green, p104)
In 1801, William purchased a runaway slave and later freed him. This freed slave then stayed on for many years as a servant. (It is not known if he was paid as a servant or just allowed to work for his lodging and food.) (Cleaves, p351) 1803: Governor Williams and Indiana’s judges adopted a Virginia law (the territory couldn’t create new laws, just borrow existing ones) that allowed virtual slavery to exist: a master bringing in a slave could force them to sign up as an “indentured servant” with a term running for, say ninety years. (Goebel, p76-78) William took advantage of this but after the indenture law was repealed - with his signature - his servants were generally freed after about a decade of service.
Later in 1804 William was appointed Governor of Indiana territory, which was “free soil.” He attempted to have slavery made legal there, but generally followed the law by keeping Blacks as indentured servants who were free after about a decade of service. (Cleaves,p351)
The threat against settlers became serious in 1809. An eloquent and energetic chieftain, Tecumseh, with his religious brother, the Prophet, began to strengthen an Indian confederation to prevent further encroachment. In 1811 Harrison received permission to attack the confederacy.
While Tecumseh was away seeking more allies, Harrison led about a thousand men toward the Prophet's town. Suddenly, before dawn on November 7, the Indians attacked his camp on Tippecanoe River. After heavy fighting, Harrison repulsed them, but suffered 190 dead and wounded. The Battle of Tippecanoe, upon which Harrison's fame was to rest, disrupted Tecumseh's confederacy but failed to diminish Indian raids.
In the War of 1812 Harrison won more military laurels when he was given the command of the Army in the Northwest with the rank of brigadier general. At the Battle of the Thames, north of Lake Erie, on October 5, 1813, he defeated the combined British and Indian forces, and killed Tecumseh. The Indians scattered, never again to offer serious resistance in what was then called the Northwest.
Thereafter Harrison returned to civilian life; the Whigs, in need of a national hero, nominated him for President in 1840. He won by a majority of less than 150,000, but swept the Electoral College, 234 to 60.
But before he had been in office a month, he caught a cold that developed into pneumonia. On April 4, 1841, he died--the first President to die in office--and with him died the Whig party program.
William Henry Harrison
Words of William Henry Harrison
1840: Presidential candidate William swore he had never been an abolitionist and that the organization he
had joined at age 17 was simply a “humane society.” (Goebel, p358)
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- 1790: At age 17 William joined an abolitionist organization. Many years later he would use this
- 1819: William wanted for a female Kentucky slave he could convert to an indentured servant. “I want one more than ever as Priscilla’s former master has much to my satisfaction come on for her and repaid her the money I gave him… The woman should be of such a character as will promise fidelity in the performance of her engagements. I will agree that she shall be free at from 6 to 8 years in proportion to the price she may cost.” (Cleaves. p250)
- 1819: As a congressman from Ohio William claimed to be against slavery, but consistently voted
- 1820: “We cannot emancipate the slaves of the other states without their consent, but by producing a convulsion which would undo us all…We must wait the slow but certain progress of those good principles which are everywhere gaining ground, and which assuredly will ultimately prevail.” (Cleaves. p254)
- 1833: "I am accused of being friendly to slavery. From my earliest youth to the present moment, I have been the ardent friend of Human Liberty. At the age of eighteen, I became a member of an Abolition Society established at Richmond, Virginia; the object of which was to ameliorate the condition of slaves and procure their freedom by every legal means... I have been the means of liberating many slaves, but never placed one in bondage(Really? This man goes back and forth on what he believes just like a true politician. Notice dates 1835, 1836 and 1840 )... I was the first person to introduce into congress the proposition that all the country above (North of) Missouri... should never have slavery admitted into it.” (Todd, p133-5.)
- 1835: “Am I wrong, fellow-citizens, in applying the terms weak, presumptuous and unconstitutional, to the measures of the emancipators? Some of the emancipators propose immediate abolition. What is the proposition then, as it regards the states and parts of states (where Israelites are in the majority) but the alternatives of amalgamation with the blacks, or an exchange of situations with them? Is there any man of common sense who does not believe that the emancipated blacks, being a majority, will not insist upon a full participation of political rights with the whites; and when possessed of these, they will not contend for a full share of social rights also?" (Todd, p137)
- 1836: Presidential candidate WHH declared that Congress had no power to eliminate slavery in the
1840: Presidential candidate William swore he had never been an abolitionist and that the organization he
had joined at age 17 was simply a “humane society.” (Goebel, p358)
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John Tyler 1841-1845
Dubbed "His Accidency" by his detractors, John Tyler was the first Vice President to be elevated to the office of President by the death of his predecessor.
He owned slaves and believed in keeping it in law for as long as it could be excepted by the people of the territories.
The administration of this states'-righter strengthened the Presidency. But it also increased sectional cleavage that led toward civil war. By the end of his term, Tyler had replaced the original Whig Cabinet with southern conservatives. In 1844 Calhoun became Secretary of State. Later these men returned to the Democratic Party, committed to the preservation of states' rights, planter interests, and the institution of slavery. Whigs became more representative of northern business and farming interests.
When the first southern states seceded in 1861, Tyler led a compromise movement; failing, he worked to create the Southern Confederacy. He died in 1862, a member of the Confederate House of Representatives.
Note: (Taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederate_States )
The 1989 motion picture Glory portrayed an act of the Confederate Congress to execute black troops as well as white officers captured in command of them. This was loosely based on a proclamation passed by Jefferson Davis calling for the return of any African American(a.k.a. Israelites) taken as a prisoner of war to respective state governments where they were to be receive "punishment in accordance with the laws of the said state" as slaves bearing arms. The same law also called for similar penalties for white officers in command of black troops as well as execution of white officers who were then serving under the command of Benjamin Butler "as robbers and criminals deserving death." The last measure was due in part to Butler's General Order No. 28.[2]
Apart from Glory, a passing mention of the Confederate Congress is made in the mini-series Roots. In the final episode of the series, set during Reconstruction, a former Confederate Congress Senator named Arthur Johnson (played by Burl Ives) arrives in the local county to begin several business ventures including buying up all available land and keeping the black population from leaving through heavy interest on sharecropping supplies. The mini-series depicts the senator as being highly respected by the white population, seemingly to imply that even after the Civil War ex-Confederate Congress members were still regarded with a sense of reverence.
He owned slaves and believed in keeping it in law for as long as it could be excepted by the people of the territories.
The administration of this states'-righter strengthened the Presidency. But it also increased sectional cleavage that led toward civil war. By the end of his term, Tyler had replaced the original Whig Cabinet with southern conservatives. In 1844 Calhoun became Secretary of State. Later these men returned to the Democratic Party, committed to the preservation of states' rights, planter interests, and the institution of slavery. Whigs became more representative of northern business and farming interests.
When the first southern states seceded in 1861, Tyler led a compromise movement; failing, he worked to create the Southern Confederacy. He died in 1862, a member of the Confederate House of Representatives.
Note: (Taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederate_States )
The 1989 motion picture Glory portrayed an act of the Confederate Congress to execute black troops as well as white officers captured in command of them. This was loosely based on a proclamation passed by Jefferson Davis calling for the return of any African American(a.k.a. Israelites) taken as a prisoner of war to respective state governments where they were to be receive "punishment in accordance with the laws of the said state" as slaves bearing arms. The same law also called for similar penalties for white officers in command of black troops as well as execution of white officers who were then serving under the command of Benjamin Butler "as robbers and criminals deserving death." The last measure was due in part to Butler's General Order No. 28.[2]
Apart from Glory, a passing mention of the Confederate Congress is made in the mini-series Roots. In the final episode of the series, set during Reconstruction, a former Confederate Congress Senator named Arthur Johnson (played by Burl Ives) arrives in the local county to begin several business ventures including buying up all available land and keeping the black population from leaving through heavy interest on sharecropping supplies. The mini-series depicts the senator as being highly respected by the white population, seemingly to imply that even after the Civil War ex-Confederate Congress members were still regarded with a sense of reverence.
Words of John Tyler
- 1835: In the House of Representatives, John proposed eliminating the slave trade (but not slavery) in the District of Columbia. “Mr Tyler stated that… (he) had a decided objection to the District of Columbia being made a slave mart, a depot for the slaves brought from the two neighboring states.” (Tyler, v1. p571)
- 1836: John opposed the suggestion that slavery be eliminated in the District of Columbia, which had been ceded to the government by Maryland and Virginia. “To interfere with the subject of slavery, not only without, but against the consent of the people of Maryland and Virginia, would be in flagrant violation of the public faith, an abuse of the trust conferred on Congress by the cession, and hazardous of the peace and security of these two states.” (Tyler. v1, p581)
- 1838: Newly elected president of the Virginia Colonization Society John compared this movement to send free Blacks to Africa to the Abolition movement. “Policy and humanity go hand and hand in this great work… Philanthropy , when separated from policy, is the most dangerous agent in human affairs. It is no way distinguishable from fanaticism. It hears not, sees not, and understands not…. And is there not a spirit of that sort now at work in our own fair land? It is the antagonist of that which we cherish. It invades our hearth, assails our domestic circles, preaches up sedition, and encourages insurrection… in a word, it is the spirit of abolition.” (Tyler. v1, p568-9)
- 1838: “(God) works most inscrutably to the understandings of men; - the negro is torn from Africa, a barbarian, ignorant and idolatrous; he is restored civilized, enlightened, and a Christian.”
(Tyler. v1, p569)
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Brutal Slavery
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Brutal Slavery
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Information obtained from"Which President owned Slaves" , Wikipedia and Whitehouse.gov
Exploring Constitutional Law
Exploring Constitutional Law
